Parkinson’s Disease

Cannabidiol Alleviates The Damage To Dopaminergic Neurons In 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Mice Via Regulating Neuronal Apoptosis And Neuroinflammation

Lei Wang, Xinghong Wu, Ge Yang, Nan Hu, Zijian Zhaoa,Lei Zhao, Shengyu Li (June 2022)

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex and multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. The main pathological feature of PD is the loss or apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of cannabidiol (CBD) on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neuronal dopamine injury by inhibiting neuroinflammation, which was one of the factors that cause neuronal apoptosis. Male SPF C57BL/6 mice were used to create a PD model by administering MPTP intraperitoneally for seven days and treated by oral administration of CBD for 14 days. Behaviorally, CBD improved cognitive dysfunction and increased the number of spontaneous locomotion in PD mice. Biochemically, CBD increased the levels of 5-HT, DA and IL-10, and decreased the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Pathologically, CBD increased the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Mechanistically, CBD up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2, down-regulated the levels of Bax and Caspase-3, and repressed the expression of NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β inflammasome pathway. In summary, CBD has a therapeutic effect on MPTP-induced PD mice by inhibiting the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons and neuroinflammation. Therefore, CBD is a potential candidate for PD therapy.

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If you proceed to article you will be leaving the CB1 Capital Management website to access a website hosted by a party unrelated to CB1 Capital Management. CB1 Capital Management assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of any of these studies nor does CB1 assume any obligation to update any of these studies based on subsequent research.

Higher Risk, Higher Reward? Self-Reported Effects of Real-World Cannabis Use in Parkinson’s Disease

Samantha K. Holden MD, MS,Christopher H. Domen PhD,Stefan Sillau PhD,Ying Liu MD,Maureen A. Leehey MD (January 2022)

Despite limited evidence, people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) use cannabis for therapeutic purposes. Given barriers to performing randomized trials, exploring real-world experiences with cannabis in PD is valuable.

An anonymous, 15-question, web-based survey was deployed on Fox Insight. Cannabis product types were defined (by relative tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] and cannabidiol [CBD] content) and respondents were asked to reference product labels.

1,881 people with PD responded (58.5% men; mean age 66.5; 50.5% <3 years of PD). 73.0% of respondents reported medicinal use, though 30.8% did not inform their doctor. 86.7% knew their type of cannabis product: 54.6% took higher CBD, 30.2% higher THC, and 15.2% took similar amounts of THC and CBD products. Most common use was oral administration, once daily, for less than six months. Frequent improvements were reported for pain, anxiety, agitation, and sleep (>50% of respondents, mean magnitude 1.28–1.51). Dry mouth, dizziness, and cognitive changes were common adverse effects (20.9%–30.8%, mean −1.13 to −1.21). Higher THC users reported more frequent improvements in depression, anxiety, and tremor, and more frequent worsening in dry mouth and bradykinesia than other product types.

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If you proceed to article you will be leaving the CB1 Capital Management website to access a website hosted by a party unrelated to CB1 Capital Management. CB1 Capital Management assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of any of these studies nor does CB1 assume any obligation to update any of these studies based on subsequent research.

Cannabidiol Has Therapeutic Potential for Myofascial Pain in Female and Male Parkinsonian Rats

Airam Nicole Vivanco-Estela, Mauricio dos-Santos-Pereira, Francisco Silveira Guimaraes, Elaine Del-Bel, Glauce C.do Nascimento (July 2021)

The musculoskeletal orofacial pain is a complex symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) resulting in stomatognathic system dysfunctions aggravated by the disease rigidity and postural instability. We tested the effect of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotomimetic constituent of Cannabis sativa, in PD-related myofascial pain.

These results indicate that hemiparkinsonian female in the estrus phase and male answer differently to the different doses of CBD therapy and nociceptive tests. CBD therapy is effective for parkinsonism-induced orofacial nociception.

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Effects of Acute Cannabidiol Administration on Anxiety and Tremors Induced by a Simulated Public Speaking Test in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease 

Stephanie Martins de Faria, Daiene de Morais Fabricio, Vitor Tumas, Paula Costa Castro and Moacir Antonelli Ponti (January 2020)

There were statistically significant differences in the VAMS anxiety factor for the drug; CBD attenuated the anxiety experimentally induced by the SPST. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant differences in the drug for the variable related to tremor amplitude as recorded by the accelerometer. Acute CBD administration at a dose of 300 mg decreased anxiety in patients with PD, and there was also decreased tremor amplitude in an anxiogenic situation.

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If you proceed to article you will be leaving the CB1 Capital Management website to access a website hosted by a party unrelated to CB1 Capital Management. CB1 Capital Management assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of any of these studies nor does CB1 assume any obligation to update any of these studies based on subsequent research.

Cannabidiol Increases the Nociceptive Threshold in a Preclinical Model of Parkinson's Disease

Glauce Crivelaro do Nascimento, Daniele Pereira Ferrari, Francisco Silveira Guimaraes, Elaine Aparecida Del Bel & Mariza Bortolanza (November 2019)

Medications that improve pain threshold can be useful in the pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease (PD). Pain is a prevalent PD's non-motor symptom with a higher prevalence of analgesic drugs prescription for patients. However, specific therapy for PD-related pain are not available. Since the endocannabinoid system is expressed extensively in different levels of pain pathway, drugs designed to target this system have promising therapeutic potential in the modulation of pain. Thus, we examined the effects of the 6-hydroxydopamine- induced PD on nociceptive responses of mice and the influence of cannabidiol (CBD) on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced nociception.

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If you proceed to article you will be leaving the CB1 Capital Management website to access a website hosted by a party unrelated to CB1 Capital Management. CB1 Capital Management assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of any of these studies nor does CB1 assume any obligation to update any of these studies based on subsequent research.

Cannabidiol and Cannabinoid Compounds as Potential Strategies for Treating Parkinson’s Disease and l-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia

Nilson Carlos Ferreira Junior, Maurício dos- Santos-Pereira, Francisco Silveira Guimarães and Elaine Del Bel (October 2019)

Parkinson’s disease (PD) and l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) are motor disorders with significant impact on the patient’s quality of life. Unfortunately, pharmacological treatments that improve these disorders without causing severe side effects are not yet available. Delay in initiating l-DOPA is no longer recommended as LID development is a function of disease duration rather than cumulative l-DOPA exposure. Manipulation of the endocannabinoid system could be a promising therapy to control PD and LID symptoms. In this way, phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD), the principal non-psychotomimetic constituent of the Cannabis sativa plant, have received considerable attention in the last decade. In this review, we present clinical and preclinical evidence suggesting CBD and other cannabinoids have therapeutic effects in PD and LID.

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If you proceed to article you will be leaving the CB1 Capital Management website to access a website hosted by a party unrelated to CB1 Capital Management. CB1 Capital Management assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of any of these studies nor does CB1 assume any obligation to update any of these studies based on subsequent research.

The Therapeutic Role of Cannabinoid Receptors and its Agonists or Antagonists in Parkinson's Disease

Qi-Wen Han, Yu-He Yuan and Nai-Hong Chen (August 2019)

There is hardly any clinically proven efficient therapeutics for its cure in several recent preclinical advances proposed to treat PD. Recent studies have found that the endocannabinoid signaling system in particular the comprised two receptors, CB1 and CB2 receptors, has a significant regulatory function in basal ganglia and is involved in the pathogenesis of PD. Therefore, adding new insights into the biochemical interactions between cannabinoids and other signaling pathways may help develop new pharmacological strategies. Factors of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) are abundantly expressed in the neural circuits of basal ganglia, where they interact interactively with glutamatergic, γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic), and dopaminergic signaling systems. Although preclinical studies on PD are promising, the use of cannabinoids at the clinical level has not been thoroughly studied.

Important Notice

If you proceed to article you will be leaving the CB1 Capital Management website to access a website hosted by a party unrelated to CB1 Capital Management. CB1 Capital Management assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of any of these studies nor does CB1 assume any obligation to update any of these studies based on subsequent research.

Cannabis Therapeutics and the Future of Neurology

Ethan B. Russo  (October 2018)

As early as 1888, Gowers noted benefits of “Indian hemp” on a parkinsonian syndrome (Gowers, 1888; Russo, 2007). Because of the density of cannabinoid receptors in basal ganglia, PD has been an area of active research, but with mixed results therapeutically. An oral THC:CBD extract showed no significant benefits on dyskinesia or other signs in 17 patients (Carroll et al., 2004), but CBD was helpful in five PD patients with psychosis (Zuardi et al., 2009) and 21 patients with more general symptoms (Chagas et al., 2014b) and more specifically on rapid eye movement sleep disorder in four patients (Chagas et al., 2014a). An observational study showed 22/28 patients tolerated smoked cannabis (presumably THC-predominant) and showed acute benefits on tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia (Lotan et al., 2014). Five of nine patients using cannabis reported great improvement, particularly on mood and sleep (Finseth et al., 2015).

Important Notice

If you proceed to article you will be leaving the CB1 Capital Management website to access a website hosted by a party unrelated to CB1 Capital Management. CB1 Capital Management assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of any of these studies nor does CB1 assume any obligation to update any of these studies based on subsequent research.

Identification of Metabolite Biomarkers for L-DOPA-induced Dyskinesia in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease by Metabolomic Technology

YongWang, Ge-JuanZhang, Yi-NaSun, LuYao, Hui-ShengWang, Cheng-XueDu, LiZhang, JianLiu  (March 2018)

L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a frequent complication of chronic L-DOPA therapy in the clinical treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The pathogenesis of LID involves complex molecular mechanisms in the striatum. Metabolomics can shed light on striatal metabolic alterations in LID. In the present study, we compared metabolomics profiles of striatum tissue from Parkinsonian rats with or without dyskinetic symptoms after chronic L-DOPA administration. The results showed that the metabolic pathways of “Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling”, “Phospholipase D signaling pathway”, “Glycerophospholipid metabolism” and “Sphingolipid signaling”, etc. were dysregulated in LID rats compared to non-LID controls. Moreover, integrated pathway analysis based on results from the present metabolomics and our previous gene expression data in LID rats further demonstrates that aberrant “Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling” pathway might be involved in the development of LID.

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If you proceed to article you will be leaving the CB1 Capital Management website to access a website hosted by a party unrelated to CB1 Capital Management. CB1 Capital Management assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of any of these studies nor does CB1 assume any obligation to update any of these studies based on subsequent research.

The Endocannabinoid System and Parkinson Disease

Andrea Giuffrida and Alex Martinez  (October 2017)

Dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system has been implicated in several neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson disease (PD). Within the motor areas of the brain, cannabinoid and dopamine systems regulate motor function and synaptic plasticity by modulating excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Alterations of this cross talk have been linked to the pathophysiology of PD and the maladaptive plasticity associated with the disabling motor complications caused by long-term use of L-DOPA.

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If you proceed to article you will be leaving the CB1 Capital Management website to access a website hosted by a party unrelated to CB1 Capital Management. CB1 Capital Management assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of any of these studies nor does CB1 assume any obligation to update any of these studies based on subsequent research.

Contrasting effects of selective MAGL and FAAH inhibition on dopamine depletion and GDNF expression in a chronic MPTP mouse model of Parkinson’s disease

NoemiPasquarelli, ChristophPorazik, HannaBayer, EvaBuck, StefanSchildknecht, PatrickWeydt, AnkeWitting, BorisFerger (August 2017) 

The modulation of the brain endocannabinoid system has been identified as an option to treat neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Especially the elevation of endocannabinoid levels by inhibition of hydrolytic degradation represents a valuable approach. To evaluate whether monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) or fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibition could be beneficial for PD, we examined in parallel the therapeutic potential of the highly selective MAGL inhibitor KML29 elevating 2-arachidonoylglyerol (2-AG) levels and the highly selective FAAH inhibitor PF-3845 elevating anandamide (AEA) levels in a chronic methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/probenecid (MPTP/probenecid) mouse model of PD. Chronic administration of KML29 (10 mg/kg) but not PF-3845 (10 mg/kg) attenuated striatalMPTP/probenecid-induced dopamine depletion.

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If you proceed to article you will be leaving the CB1 Capital Management website to access a website hosted by a party unrelated to CB1 Capital Management. CB1 Capital Management assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of any of these studies nor does CB1 assume any obligation to update any of these studies based on subsequent research.

Cannabinoids in Parkinson’s Disease

Mario Stampanoni Bassi, Andrea Sancesario, Roberta Morace, Diego Centonze and Ennio Iezzi  (February 2017)

The endocannabinoid system plays a regulatory role in a number of physiological processes and has been found altered in different pathological conditions, including movement disorders. The interactions between cannabinoids and dopamine in the basal ganglia are remarkably complex and involve both the modulation of other neurotransmitters (γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, opioids, peptides) and the activation of different receptors subtypes (cannabinoid receptor type 1 and 2). In the last years, experimental studies contributed to enrich this scenario reporting interactions between cannabinoids and other receptor systems (transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 cation channel, adenosine receptors, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors). The improved knowledge, adding new interpretation on the biochemical interaction between cannabinoids and other signaling pathways, may contribute to develop new pharmacological strategies.

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If you proceed to article you will be leaving the CB1 Capital Management website to access a website hosted by a party unrelated to CB1 Capital Management. CB1 Capital Management assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of any of these studies nor does CB1 assume any obligation to update any of these studies based on subsequent research.

The Endocannabinoid System in Parkinsons Disease

Massimiliano Di Filippo, Barbara Picconi, Alessandro Tozzi, Paolo Calabresi (February 2008)

The evidence that ECBs (endocannabinoids) play a central role in regulating basal ganglia physiology and motor function and the profound modifications occurring in ECB signaling after dopamine depletion in both experimental models of PD and patients suffering from the disease, provide support for the development of pharmacological compounds targeting the ECB system as symptomatic and neuroprotective therapeutic strategies for PD.

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If you proceed to article you will be leaving the CB1 Capital Management website to access a website hosted by a party unrelated to CB1 Capital Management. CB1 Capital Management assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of any of these studies nor does CB1 assume any obligation to update any of these studies based on subsequent research.